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2009-Competition-Young-Choi-Seade-ShiraiCompetition among Financial Centres in Asia-Pacific - Prospects, Benefits, Risks and Policy Challenges

Edited by Soogil Young, Dosoung Choi, Jesús Seade and Sayuri Shirai

Sponsored by the Korea National Committee for Pacific Economic Cooperation (KOPEC), 

the Pacific Economic Cooperation Council (PECC)

and the Institute of Southeast Asian Studies (ISEAS)

First published in 2009 by ISEAS Publications

 

 

Many cities in the Asia-Pacific region serve as financial centres in their respective national jurisdictions or local areas. Noting that most were engaged in efforts to become premier international financal centres (IFCs) in competition with one another, the Korea National Committee for Pacific Economic Cooperation (KOPEC) convened an international conference in Seoul, Korea in October 2007 to examine prospects for success for seven such financial centres (Hong Kong, Seoul, Shanghai, Singapore, Sydnet, Tokyo and Wellington), weigh the costs and benefits of such competition for local economies as well as the region as a whole, and derive implications for cooperation among the regional governments. 

The present volume consists of case studies and commentaries presented at the conference as well as the synthesis report, which draws conclusions from those papers and commentaries. One of those conclusions is that, given the power of scale economies as well as the lack of integration of the financial markets in the region, none of the regional financial centres, even Hong Kong, Singapore or Tokyo, considered alone represents a meaningful rival to London or New York, the two esisting global financial centres. The synthesis report thus argues for regional cooperation to integrate all those financial crisis into an Asia-Pacific IFC network. It further argues that the present global financial crisis presents a major opportunity for regional governments to create such an IFC network that will challenge London and New York in qualityas well as quantity of international financial business while helping the latter two overcome the current global crisis. This would open the path towards a stable and resilient Asia-Pacific financial community, with the constituent regional economies no longer vulnerable to the problems of the so-called original sin and double mismatch. 

 

1. Keynote Address

 

2. Overview and Policy Recommendations

 

3. Case Studies

 

4. International Perspectives

 

5. Observations

 

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  • SELECT `c`.`id`,`c`.`asset_id`,`c`.`access`,`c`.`alias`,`c`.`checked_out`,`c`.`checked_out_time`,`c`.`created_time`,`c`.`created_user_id`,`c`.`description`,`c`.`extension`,`c`.`hits`,`c`.`language`,`c`.`level`,`c`.`lft`,`c`.`metadata`,`c`.`metadesc`,`c`.`metakey`,`c`.`modified_time`,`c`.`note`,`c`.`params`,`c`.`parent_id`,`c`.`path`,`c`.`published`,`c`.`rgt`,`c`.`title`,`c`.`modified_user_id`,`c`.`version`, CASE WHEN CHAR_LENGTH(`c`.`alias`) != 0 THEN CONCAT_WS(':', `c`.`id`, `c`.`alias`) ELSE `c`.`id` END as `slug` FROM `eda5y_categories` AS `s` INNER JOIN `eda5y_categories` AS `c` ON (`s`.`lft` <= `c`.`lft` AND `c`.`lft` < `s`.`rgt`) OR (`c`.`lft` < `s`.`lft` AND `s`.`rgt` < `c`.`rgt`) WHERE (`c`.`extension` = :extension OR `c`.`extension` = 'system') AND `c`.`access` IN (:preparedArray1) AND `c`.`published` = 1 AND `s`.`id` = :id ORDER BY `c`.`lft`176μs5.16KBParams/libraries/src/Categories/Categories.php:375Copy
  • SELECT `m`.`tag_id`,`t`.* FROM `eda5y_contentitem_tag_map` AS `m` INNER JOIN `eda5y_tags` AS `t` ON `m`.`tag_id` = `t`.`id` WHERE `m`.`type_alias` = :contentType AND `m`.`content_item_id` = :id AND `t`.`published` = 1 AND `t`.`access` IN (:preparedArray1)556μs5.2KBParams/libraries/src/Helper/TagsHelper.php:388Copy
  • SELECT `c`.`id`,`c`.`asset_id`,`c`.`access`,`c`.`alias`,`c`.`checked_out`,`c`.`checked_out_time`,`c`.`created_time`,`c`.`created_user_id`,`c`.`description`,`c`.`extension`,`c`.`hits`,`c`.`language`,`c`.`level`,`c`.`lft`,`c`.`metadata`,`c`.`metadesc`,`c`.`metakey`,`c`.`modified_time`,`c`.`note`,`c`.`params`,`c`.`parent_id`,`c`.`path`,`c`.`published`,`c`.`rgt`,`c`.`title`,`c`.`modified_user_id`,`c`.`version`, CASE WHEN CHAR_LENGTH(`c`.`alias`) != 0 THEN CONCAT_WS(':', `c`.`id`, `c`.`alias`) ELSE `c`.`id` END as `slug` FROM `eda5y_categories` AS `s` INNER JOIN `eda5y_categories` AS `c` ON (`s`.`lft` <= `c`.`lft` AND `c`.`lft` < `s`.`rgt`) OR (`c`.`lft` < `s`.`lft` AND `s`.`rgt` < `c`.`rgt`) WHERE (`c`.`extension` = :extension OR `c`.`extension` = 'system') AND `c`.`access` IN (:preparedArray1) AND `c`.`published` = 1 AND `s`.`id` = :id ORDER BY `c`.`lft`162μs5.16KBParams/libraries/src/Categories/Categories.php:375Copy
  • SELECT DISTINCT a.id, a.title, a.name, a.checked_out, a.checked_out_time, a.note, a.state, a.access, a.created_time, a.created_user_id, a.ordering, a.language, a.fieldparams, a.params, a.type, a.default_value, a.context, a.group_id, a.label, a.description, a.required, a.only_use_in_subform,l.title AS language_title, l.image AS language_image,uc.name AS editor,ag.title AS access_level,ua.name AS author_name,g.title AS group_title, g.access as group_access, g.state AS group_state, g.note as group_note FROM eda5y_fields AS a LEFT JOIN `eda5y_languages` AS l ON l.lang_code = a.language LEFT JOIN eda5y_users AS uc ON uc.id=a.checked_out LEFT JOIN eda5y_viewlevels AS ag ON ag.id = a.access LEFT JOIN eda5y_users AS ua ON ua.id = a.created_user_id LEFT JOIN eda5y_fields_groups AS g ON g.id = a.group_id LEFT JOIN `eda5y_fields_categories` AS fc ON fc.field_id = a.id WHERE ( (`a`.`context` = :context AND (`fc`.`category_id` IS NULL OR `fc`.`category_id` IN (:preparedArray1,:preparedArray2,:preparedArray3)) AND `a`.`access` IN (:preparedArray4)) AND (`a`.`group_id` = 0 OR `g`.`access` IN (:preparedArray5)) AND `a`.`state` = :state) AND (`a`.`group_id` = 0 OR `g`.`state` = :gstate) AND `a`.`only_use_in_subform` = :only_use_in_subform ORDER BY a.ordering ASC3.21ms5.97KBParams/libraries/src/MVC/Model/BaseDatabaseModel.php:166Copy
  • SELECT `c`.`id`,`c`.`asset_id`,`c`.`access`,`c`.`alias`,`c`.`checked_out`,`c`.`checked_out_time`,`c`.`created_time`,`c`.`created_user_id`,`c`.`description`,`c`.`extension`,`c`.`hits`,`c`.`language`,`c`.`level`,`c`.`lft`,`c`.`metadata`,`c`.`metadesc`,`c`.`metakey`,`c`.`modified_time`,`c`.`note`,`c`.`params`,`c`.`parent_id`,`c`.`path`,`c`.`published`,`c`.`rgt`,`c`.`title`,`c`.`modified_user_id`,`c`.`version`, CASE WHEN CHAR_LENGTH(`c`.`alias`) != 0 THEN CONCAT_WS(':', `c`.`id`, `c`.`alias`) ELSE `c`.`id` END as `slug` FROM `eda5y_categories` AS `s` INNER JOIN `eda5y_categories` AS `c` ON (`s`.`lft` <= `c`.`lft` AND `c`.`lft` < `s`.`rgt`) OR (`c`.`lft` < `s`.`lft` AND `s`.`rgt` < `c`.`rgt`) WHERE (`c`.`extension` = :extension OR `c`.`extension` = 'system') AND `c`.`access` IN (:preparedArray1) AND `c`.`published` = 1 AND `s`.`id` = :id ORDER BY `c`.`lft`243μs5.16KBParams/libraries/src/Categories/Categories.php:375Copy
  • SELECT `m`.`id`,`m`.`title`,`m`.`module`,`m`.`position`,`m`.`content`,`m`.`showtitle`,`m`.`params`,`mm`.`menuid` FROM `eda5y_modules` AS `m` LEFT JOIN `eda5y_modules_menu` AS `mm` ON `mm`.`moduleid` = `m`.`id` LEFT JOIN `eda5y_extensions` AS `e` ON `e`.`element` = `m`.`module` AND `e`.`client_id` = `m`.`client_id` WHERE ( ( (`m`.`published` = 1 AND `e`.`enabled` = 1 AND `m`.`client_id` = :clientId AND `m`.`access` IN (:preparedArray1)) AND (`m`.`publish_up` IS NULL OR `m`.`publish_up` <= :publishUp)) AND (`m`.`publish_down` IS NULL OR `m`.`publish_down` >= :publishDown)) AND (`mm`.`menuid` = :itemId OR `mm`.`menuid` <= 0) ORDER BY `m`.`position`,`m`.`ordering`3.49ms52.09KBParams/libraries/src/Cache/Controller/CallbackController.php:51Copy
  • SELECT `a`.`menutype`,`a`.`title` FROM `eda5y_menu_types` AS `a` WHERE `a`.`client_id` = 088μs1.06KB/libraries/gantry5/src/classes/Gantry/Framework/Menu.php:138Copy
  • SELECT m.id, m.alias, m.path AS route, m.level, m.parent_id FROM eda5y_menu AS m WHERE m.menutype = 'mainmenu' AND m.parent_id > 0 AND m.client_id = 0 AND m.published >= 0 ORDER BY m.lft81μs1.8KB/libraries/gantry5/src/classes/Gantry/Framework/Menu.php:791Copy
  • SELECT `m`.`id`,`m`.`menutype`,`m`.`title`,`m`.`alias`,`m`.`note`,`m`.`link`,`m`.`type`,`m`.`level`,`m`.`language`,`m`.`browserNav`,`m`.`access`,`m`.`params`,`m`.`home`,`m`.`img`,`m`.`template_style_id`,`m`.`component_id`,`m`.`parent_id`,`m`.`path` AS `route`,`e`.`element` AS `component` FROM `eda5y_menu` AS `m` LEFT JOIN `eda5y_extensions` AS `e` ON `m`.`component_id` = `e`.`extension_id` WHERE ( (`m`.`published` = 1 AND `m`.`parent_id` > 0 AND `m`.`client_id` = 0) AND (`m`.`publish_up` IS NULL OR `m`.`publish_up` <= :currentDate1)) AND (`m`.`publish_down` IS NULL OR `m`.`publish_down` >= :currentDate2) ORDER BY `m`.`lft`219μs151.55KBParams/libraries/src/Menu/SiteMenu.php:166Copy
  • SELECT * FROM `eda5y_easyblog_configs` WHERE `name` = 'config'122μs72.89KB/libraries/src/Table/Table.php:755Copy
  • SELECT * FROM `eda5y_sppagebuilder` WHERE `extension` = 'mod_sppagebuilder' AND `extension_view` = 'module' AND `view_id` = '441'128μs4.06KB/modules/mod_sppagebuilder/helper.php:40Copy
  • SELECT `template` FROM `eda5y_template_styles` WHERE `client_id` = 0 AND `home` = 155μs856B/components/com_sppagebuilder/parser/addon-parser.php:831Copy
  • SELECT e.manifest_cache,`e`.`manifest_cache` FROM `eda5y_extensions` AS `e` WHERE `e`.`element` = 'com_sppagebuilder'67μs912B/components/com_sppagebuilder/helpers/helper.php:134Copy
  • SELECT e.manifest_cache,`e`.`manifest_cache` FROM `eda5y_extensions` AS `e` WHERE `e`.`element` = 'com_sppagebuilder'75μs912B/components/com_sppagebuilder/helpers/helper.php:134Copy
  • SELECT `template` FROM `eda5y_template_styles` WHERE `client_id` = 0 AND `home` = 151μs856B/administrator/components/com_sppagebuilder/builder/classes/base.php:43Copy
  • SELECT DISTINCT a.id, a.title, a.level, a.published, a.lft, a.parent_id FROM ( SELECT id,title,level,published,parent_id,lft,rgt FROM eda5y_tags WHERE `published` = '1') AS a LEFT JOIN `eda5y_tags` AS b ON a.lft > b.lft AND a.rgt < b.rgt WHERE `a`.`level` != '0' ORDER BY a.lft ASC81μs1.2KB/administrator/components/com_sppagebuilder/builder/classes/base.php:265Copy
  • SELECT a.enabled FROM `eda5y_extensions` AS `a` WHERE `a`.`name` = 'com_k2'43μs840B/administrator/components/com_sppagebuilder/builder/classes/base.php:702Copy
  • SELECT a.enabled FROM `eda5y_extensions` AS `a` WHERE `a`.`name` = 'com_k2'50μs840B/administrator/components/com_sppagebuilder/builder/classes/base.php:702Copy
  • SELECT a.enabled FROM `eda5y_extensions` AS `a` WHERE `a`.`name` = 'com_k2'129μs840B/administrator/components/com_sppagebuilder/builder/classes/base.php:702Copy
  • SELECT a.enabled FROM `eda5y_extensions` AS `a` WHERE (`a`.`element` = 'com_acymailing' OR `a`.`element` = 'com_acym')52μs856B/administrator/components/com_sppagebuilder/builder/classes/base.php:615Copy
  • SELECT `e`.`manifest_cache` FROM `eda5y_extensions` AS `e` WHERE e.element = 'com_acymailing' OR e.element = 'com_acym'53μs856B/administrator/components/com_sppagebuilder/builder/classes/base.php:684Copy
  • SELECT `listid`,`name` FROM `eda5y_acymailing_list` WHERE `published` = '1' ORDER BY name DESC67μs3.88KB/administrator/components/com_sppagebuilder/builder/classes/base.php:638Copy
  • SELECT m.id, m.title, m.module, m.position, m.ordering, m.content, m.showtitle, m.params FROM eda5y_modules AS m WHERE ( (m.published = 1 AND m.id = 62) AND (`m`.`publish_up` IS NULL OR `m`.`publish_up` <= :publishUp)) AND (`m`.`publish_down` IS NULL OR `m`.`publish_down` >= :publishDown) AND m.access IN (1) AND m.client_id = 0255μs2.03KBParams/components/com_sppagebuilder/addons/module/site.php:127Copy
  • SELECT * FROM `eda5y_sppagebuilder` WHERE `extension` = 'mod_sppagebuilder' AND `extension_view` = 'module' AND `view_id` = '442'106μs4.06KB/modules/mod_sppagebuilder/helper.php:40Copy
  • SELECT e.manifest_cache,`e`.`manifest_cache` FROM `eda5y_extensions` AS `e` WHERE `e`.`element` = 'com_sppagebuilder'50μs912B/components/com_sppagebuilder/helpers/helper.php:134Copy
  • SELECT e.manifest_cache,`e`.`manifest_cache` FROM `eda5y_extensions` AS `e` WHERE `e`.`element` = 'com_sppagebuilder'41μs912B/components/com_sppagebuilder/helpers/helper.php:134Copy
  • SELECT `template` FROM `eda5y_template_styles` WHERE `client_id` = 0 AND `home` = 140μs856B/administrator/components/com_sppagebuilder/builder/classes/base.php:43Copy
  • SELECT m.id, m.title, m.module, m.position, m.ordering, m.content, m.showtitle, m.params FROM eda5y_modules AS m WHERE ( (m.published = 1 AND m.id = 174) AND (`m`.`publish_up` IS NULL OR `m`.`publish_up` <= :publishUp)) AND (`m`.`publish_down` IS NULL OR `m`.`publish_down` >= :publishDown) AND m.access IN (1) AND m.client_id = 0228μs2.03KBParams/components/com_sppagebuilder/addons/module/site.php:127Copy
  • SELECT m.id, m.alias, m.path AS route, m.level, m.parent_id FROM eda5y_menu AS m WHERE m.menutype = 'mainmenu' AND m.parent_id > 0 AND m.client_id = 0 AND m.published >= 0 ORDER BY m.lft66μs1.8KB/libraries/gantry5/src/classes/Gantry/Framework/Menu.php:791Copy
  • SELECT DISTINCT a.id, a.title, a.name, a.checked_out, a.checked_out_time, a.note, a.state, a.access, a.created_time, a.created_user_id, a.ordering, a.language, a.fieldparams, a.params, a.type, a.default_value, a.context, a.group_id, a.label, a.description, a.required, a.only_use_in_subform,l.title AS language_title, l.image AS language_image,uc.name AS editor,ag.title AS access_level,ua.name AS author_name,g.title AS group_title, g.access as group_access, g.state AS group_state, g.note as group_note FROM eda5y_fields AS a LEFT JOIN `eda5y_languages` AS l ON l.lang_code = a.language LEFT JOIN eda5y_users AS uc ON uc.id=a.checked_out LEFT JOIN eda5y_viewlevels AS ag ON ag.id = a.access LEFT JOIN eda5y_users AS ua ON ua.id = a.created_user_id LEFT JOIN eda5y_fields_groups AS g ON g.id = a.group_id WHERE ( (`a`.`context` = :context AND `a`.`access` IN (:preparedArray1)) AND (`a`.`group_id` = 0 OR `g`.`access` IN (:preparedArray2)) AND `a`.`state` = :state) AND (`a`.`group_id` = 0 OR `g`.`state` = :gstate) AND `a`.`only_use_in_subform` = :only_use_in_subform ORDER BY a.ordering ASC128μs13.28KBParams/libraries/src/MVC/Model/BaseDatabaseModel.php:166Copy
  • SELECT COUNT(*) FROM `eda5y_extensions` WHERE `element` = 'com_spambotcheck' AND `enabled` = '1'47μs856B/plugins/user/spambotcheck/src/Helper/SpambotCheckHelper.php:614Copy
  • SELECT `alias` FROM `eda5y_content` WHERE `id` = :id187μs1.63KBParams/components/com_content/src/Service/Router.php:168Copy
  • SELECT `alias` FROM `eda5y_content` WHERE `id` = :id48μs1.63KBParams/components/com_content/src/Service/Router.php:168Copy
  • SELECT SUM(CASE WHEN `a`.`next_execution` <= :now THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS due_count,SUM(CASE WHEN `a`.`locked` IS NULL THEN 0 ELSE 1 END) AS locked_count FROM `eda5y_scheduler_tasks` AS `a` WHERE `a`.`state` = 1223μs1.68KBParams/administrator/components/com_scheduler/src/Model/TasksModel.php:466Copy
  • SELECT sleep_until < '2025-01-08 12:05:27' FROM eda5y_scheduler_metadata WHERE type = 'metadata' LIMIT 1146μs856B/plugins/system/joomlatoolsscheduler/joomlatoolsscheduler.php:128Copy
  • SELECT `session_id` FROM `eda5y_session` WHERE `session_id` = ?160μs1.63KBParams/libraries/vendor/joomla/session/src/Handler/DatabaseHandler.php:291Copy
  • UPDATE `eda5y_session` SET `data` = ? , `time` = ? WHERE `session_id` = ?1.59ms912BParams/libraries/vendor/joomla/session/src/Handler/DatabaseHandler.php:318Copy